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    • History
      • Pre-Colonial Period
      • Spanish Colonial Period
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      • Post-Colonial Period
    • Culture
      • Art
      • Batok
      • Cultural Objects
      • Music and Instruments
      • Weaving & Textiles
      • Writing Systems
    • Folklore
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  • June 14, 2024

    Kalayaan: The Road to Our Independence

  • May 9, 2024

    Reading the English translations of “Historia de las islas e indios de Bisayas” (1668) by Francisco Ignacio Alcina; aka “The History of the Bisayan People in the Philippine Islands”

  • May 30, 2021

    Who was Hara Humamay, Queen of Cebu?

  • July 2, 2020

    Pilipino and Black History: Discussing Our Relations, Internal Racism, and Talking With Our Tita’s & Tito’s On Theirs.

  • June 10, 2016

    Historical Uprisings in the Name of the Old Religion

The Boxer Codex: The Bisayan Chapter (Part 1)
April 24, 2020

This week, I will be reading the Bisayan chapter in The Boxer Codex. This manuscript written circa 1590, details written accounts on various people from what is now known as the Philippines as well as our neighbors in the East. […]

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Blog  / Culture

Know Your History. Know Your Roots.
April 22, 2020

It’s a few minutes to midnight as I write this while listening to Us by Ruby Ibarra ft. Rocky Rivera, Klassy, & Faith Santilla. All day I have been working to set up this blog, the latest out of many. […]

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Blog

Historical Uprisings in the Name of the Old Religion
June 10, 2016

Throughout our history there have been a plethora of revolts and uprisings by our people in the name of freedom, fighting for our rights, and for our beliefs. While some are often well known and taught in schools and history books, others are more or less unheard of.

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Blog  / History  / Spanish Colonial Period

5 Remarkable Works of Ancient Art From the Philippines
May 1, 2016

As Filipinos we are a very creative and artistic group of people. Drive around Manila and you will see random walls painted in beautiful mural works of art ranging from illustrations of well known historical figures, to depicting social and political issues. The art scene in the Philippines isn’t as known as other places in the world, however art history in the country still exists and extends to our pre-colonial art.

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Art  / Blog  / Cultural Objects  / Culture  / Pre-Colonial Period

5 Traditional Musical Instruments from the Philippines You Should know
September 9, 2015

Let's face it. We as Filipinos love music. It is one of those traits that run through our blood and culture that stems back to pre-colonial times, as we danced and sang while working in the fields, completed rituals of planting and harvest, before a raid, and during celebrations. Even the Spaniards noted our affinity with the sounds of music. Today, the majority of the world acknowledges the musical talents and passion of Filipinos. I for one love grabbing a karaoke mic and singing my heart out in any of the Filipino parties I attend, having a good laugh surrounded by family, friends, food, and drinks. Cheers!

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Blog  / Culture  / Music and Instruments

The Sarimanok: The Mythical Bird of the Meranao of Lake Lanao
August 23, 2015

Most Filipinos today know of this symbolic, colorful bird that has captured hearts and imaginations. It was featured as part of the logo for local channel, ABS-CBN, during the 90’s and also for the 1994 Miss Universe Pageant in the Philippines which both contributed to the popularity of the mythical bird throughout the country within recent years. An example of the bird can be seen when one enters the National Museum of the Philippines where there is an intricately carved figure of the sarimanok on display that symbolizes the artistic and cultural significance of the Meranao people of Lake Lanao in Lanao del Sur, Mindanao.

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Blog  / Creatures & Monsters  / Folklore  / Mindanao  / Myths & Folklore

Simeona Punsalan Tapang, “Kumander Guerrero”, the last living Huk Kumander and proud Kapampangan, dies at 92.
July 12, 2015

Known as Lola Mameng, and as Kumander Guerrero, Lola Mameng is a hero and was one of the last remaining legacies of the guerrilla group, Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon (Hukbalahap or Huk) or The Nation’s Army Against the Japanese in English. The Huks were a group formed by farmers who fought against the tyranny of the Japanese military occupation of the Philippines and their villages and homes during World War II. They were the protectors of our people against the Japanese who invaded and were the resistance against them, fighting fiercely to protect our people and eventually fought against the Philippine government after they were ordered to disarm and arrest the Huks under the orders of the U.S. for being labeled as Communists.

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American Colonial Period  / Blog  / Post-Colonial Period

5 Epics & Fables From the Philippines You Probably Never Heard Of
June 1, 2015

There are some stories that have been passed down to us through the generations that tells the tales of our people in long enchanting epics and folklore. Some that are well known are the Biag ni Lam-ang of the Ilokanos, the Ibalon from the Bikolanos, the Hudhud from the Ifugao, the Hinalawod of the Sulod of Panay, and the Darangen of the Maranao.

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Bisayas  / Blog  / Folklore  / Myths & Folklore  / Pre-Colonial Period

My First Traditional Handtapped Filipino Tattoo Experience
May 18, 2015

Oh man, this past weekend has been amazing and filled with spirit. So Saturday night I received my batok from Lane Wilcken during his workshop on Filipino traditional tattoo’s in NYC. I was asked by the woman who ran the event, Andrea, if I wanted to volunteer to get tattooed during the workshop. I told her I didn’t mind and the next day or the following day after Lane actually messaged me on Facebook asking me the same thing. I felt honored that he personally asked me and that he wanted to tattoo me saying he felt through the spirits that he should contact me for this. Of course I said yes and I was looking forward to it.

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Batok  / Blog  / Personal

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  • Ligaya Caballes is a cultural bearer, writer, researcher, and photographer, who has educated the Filipino community and diaspora on the history, culture, and folklore of the Philippines for over 10 years. She is a Filipina based in New York, who follows and practices the Animistic and Polytheistic beliefs of her Tagalog and Bisayan ancestors. She is of Mindoreño Tagalog and Akeanon descent. ⁣⁣She is also a traditional Filipino hand tapped tattoo apprentice with Katao School. 






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  • This blog is dedicated to the ancestors, the spirits of the land, the rich and diverse history and cultures of the Philippines, and to her people.

    May we continue to seek out the knowledge and to learn more about who we are, our histories, identities, and stories. And upon learning these histories, folklore, and culture for ourselves, may we continue to teach and pass them on to the next and future generations.

    Salamat for reading!
    Ligaya Caballes




Copyright © 2012-2026 Ligaya Caballes, The Pinay Writer. All rights reserved.